Mitochondrial HealthEnergyCellular RepairHealthy AgingMitochondrial function and energy

RESEARCH REFERENCE

SS-31 (Elamipretide)

Mitochondria-targeted peptide that stabilizes cardiolipin and improves electron transport chain function.

Quick Reference

Dose: 5–40 mg (clinical trials commonly used 40 mg; community often lower)
Frequency / schedule: Once daily
Route: Subcutaneous
Timing: Consistent time (morning or evening)
Fasting: Not required
Cycle: 4–12 weeks (or longer under supervision in clinical contexts)
Time off: Per indication and response
Common vial strengths: 10 mg, 40 mg

How this works

SS-31 (elamipretide) is a small, positively charged peptide that selectively concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane and binds cardiolipin. This stabilizes the electron transport chain, reduces mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and improves ATP production and cellular bioenergetics. Clinical programs have focused on Barth syndrome, primary mitochondrial myopathy, heart failure, and age-related conditions.

Benefits + side effects

Potential Benefits

Improved muscle strength and exercise capacity signals in clinical trials
Mitochondrial protection and better energy production

Side Effects

Injection-site reactions (very common — redness, itching, swelling)
Headache
Mild nausea or fatigue (less common)

Dosing / Protocol

Reference Protocol

Phase / week	Dose	Frequency	Timing	Notes
Clinical	40 mg	Once daily	Consistent	Trial range
Community	5–20 mg	Once daily	Consistent	Lower research range

Timing + Fasting Notes

Consistent daily timing. Food does not meaningfully affect it. Many prefer morning.

Reconstitution

Common vial strengths10 mg, 40 mg

Approved preparation example
Follow vial-specific instructions (e.g., 40 mg vial reconstituted to practical concentration)

Practical Reference

Storage: Lyophilized refrigerated; reconstituted refrigerated
Route / injection context: Subcutaneous
Bloodwork / markers: Functional capacity, fatigue scores, mitochondrial markers if available
Common vial strengths: 10 mg, 40 mg
Cycle / time off: 4–12 weeks (or longer under supervision in clinical contexts) · Per indication and response
Practical notes: Injection-site reactions are frequent — rotate sites diligently. Research use only.

References

FORZINITY (elamipretide) prescribing informationU.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2025

REGULATORY

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